The ultimate goal of conservative dental treatment is to preserve the natural dentition. In complicated cases, where a complex multidisciplinary treatment approach may be required, serious dilemmas may arise, and possible further complications and tooth prognosis might be unpredictable. Application of evidence-based approaches in the multidisciplinary management of the natural dentition could result in a reduction of mistakes in clinical decision-making. This book aimed at providing dental practitioners with evidence-based knowledge and practical tools that may be incorporated into their daily practice. The principles of evidence-based decision-making in endodontology, periodontology, and oral rehabilitation, as well as common clinical dilemmas such as the decision on whether to preserve a natural tooth or extract and replace it with an implant, and future trends in dentistry and how they may affect clinical decision-making are discussed.