Cloud computing has revolutionized IT operations by offering scalable, cost-effective solutions. The framework integrates quantum cryptography with AES to safeguard data during transmission, processing, and storage. A comparative analysis between AES-128 and AES-256 highlights trade-offs in performance, security, and resource utilization. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in encryption time, data access rates, and quantum key generation, achieving robust defense against quantum and classical threats. The study emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach to efficiency, scalability, and security, providing a foundation for secure cloud computing in a post-quantum era.