A new era of wastewater treatment innovation has developed in the fight against water pollution, utilising the extraordinary qualities of nanomaterials. The availability of clean, healthy water supplies is ensured by this advancement, which is essential for sustainable development. The creation of new nanoparticles is a crucial step towards solving the global problem of water pollution. With a clearance rate of up to 99%, silver nanoparticles have shown to be particularly effective among them. Furthermore, these nanoparticles function via a biogeneration process, exhibiting a special capacity for regeneration. This dual purpose highlights the versatility of nanotechnology and highlights its potential to reduce water pollution and related health hazards by focusing on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in a variety of pollutants. With their great efficacy and regenerative qualities, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles represents a major advancement in guaranteeing the supply of pure water supplies for sustainable global growth. Therefore, in this work, an attempt has been made to review the presence and effects of POPs and their effective removal using nanoparticles with the future research prospects. The emphasis has been given to Sources and health hazards of POPs, specific characteristics and types of nanoparticles used to remove POPs and emerging nanoparticles to remove POPs.