Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and the surge in population growth have led to a significant rise in emerging micropollutants. These micropollutants pose significant harmful risks to the environment, presenting a major challenge for the scientific community. Micropollutants cause more damage to both biotic and abiotic environments. The toxicity of micropollutants is influenced by their size, shape, and adsorption capability, and it increases as these factors increase. Their harmful nature is primarily due to their tiny size and high surface area. The abundance of micropollutants in terrestrial environments is rising steadily. Micropollutants disrupt soil structure, harm soil microbiota, deplete nutrients, and reduce their uptake by plants, ultimately hindering plant growth. The existence of micropollutants in humans has been documented, and micropollutants can enter the human body through various pathways. Micropollutants can cause various diseases in humans depending on their entry route and can also negatively affect the endocrine system. The effects of micropollutants are interrelated and have the potential to disrupt ecological processes at the ecosystem level. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the transport and impact of micropollutants on soil quality, air, and the food chain, as well as their ecotoxicological effects on plants, aquatic life, and humans. Additionally, this chapter presents the risk analysis of micropollutants.