Today, interactions with Embodiment Digital Technologies (EDT) are becoming quite common. The concept of robots interacting with humans sounds simple. But there is an obstacle: while the robot has no problem interacting with humans, humans may not like the interaction. To improve acceptance and thus interaction, the EDT is often anthropomorphized. In addition to physical features, mental states such as empathy can also be attributed to an EDT and influence the interaction. However, it is important to understand the direction of empathy. Does the human show empathy toward the EDT or is empathy used as a feature to anthropomorphize the EDT? This systematic literature review aims to examine and compare these findings to identify and evaluate the literature from recent years on the influence of empathy and anthropomorphism in interactions with EDTs, and to draw conclusions on how consistent the findings are on anthropomorphic processes on empathy. This is an initial review of the literature to build upon and prepare for a meta-analysis. It was found that both empathy and anthropomorphism are mainly self-reported and that a mental attribution of human abilities seems to be more significant than the visual appearance of an EDT.

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Make It More Human! A Systematic Literature Review of the Anthropomorphic Processes on Empathy

  • Sebastian Jansen,
  • Oliver Rehren,
  • Katharina Jahn,
  • Peter Ohler,
  • Günter Daniel Rey

摘要

Today, interactions with Embodiment Digital Technologies (EDT) are becoming quite common. The concept of robots interacting with humans sounds simple. But there is an obstacle: while the robot has no problem interacting with humans, humans may not like the interaction. To improve acceptance and thus interaction, the EDT is often anthropomorphized. In addition to physical features, mental states such as empathy can also be attributed to an EDT and influence the interaction. However, it is important to understand the direction of empathy. Does the human show empathy toward the EDT or is empathy used as a feature to anthropomorphize the EDT? This systematic literature review aims to examine and compare these findings to identify and evaluate the literature from recent years on the influence of empathy and anthropomorphism in interactions with EDTs, and to draw conclusions on how consistent the findings are on anthropomorphic processes on empathy. This is an initial review of the literature to build upon and prepare for a meta-analysis. It was found that both empathy and anthropomorphism are mainly self-reported and that a mental attribution of human abilities seems to be more significant than the visual appearance of an EDT.