Pressure Field Measurements
摘要
This chapter presents the most widely used techniques for measuring pressure fields through image and wave-based processing methods, highlighting how they contribute to the evaluation and enhancement of performance in dynamic fluid environments. The first category focuses on acoustic pressure field measurements, which utilize single microphones, microphone pairs, or microphone arrays. These systems capture the fluctuating pressure generated in the air by propagating sound waves. Such techniques are extensively employed in the analysis of noise fields, sound intensity, and sound power. They are essential tools in the study, control, and mitigation of noise in various conditions, including built environments, industrial products, and vehicles. Practical applications of these techniques, based on the author’s hands-on experience, are described here and in the previous chapter, particularly in the context of solving industrial acoustic problems. Another important application of pressure field measurement involves the interface between solid bodies, such as the contact point between a tire and the road, a foot and the ground, or a finger and an object held by a human or a robotic system. This section illustrates the main techniques used to measure such contact pressures, with a focus on methods involving visible and infrared image acquisition and analysis. Finally, pressure and shear stress measurements are critical for studying fluid–solid interactions, such as those encountered in optimizing the aerodynamic performance of vehicles (e.g., cars, aircraft, racing machines, and ships). The chapter describes the principal image-based measurement techniques used in this domain.