The paradigm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) involves biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and bio-chemical/physical cues to produce tissue equivalents, that could be either implanted or used as tissue models. A biomaterial scaffold that allows cell attachment, infiltration, growth, function, and ultimately remodelling is necessary to produce functional and relevant tissue equivalents for various TERM applications. This chapter focuses on the scaffold component of the TERM paradigm. Scaffolds’ requirements and characteristics will be initially discussed, followed by a description of the different biomaterials used in the fabrication of scaffolds, as well as the various fabrication techniques used. The chapter highlights hydrogels as recent scaffolds of choice for bioengineered tissue analogues. The chapter ends with conclusions and questions to reinforce the different concepts and aspects covered in this chapter.