This chapter delves into the development of New Garbology, an updated approach to the archaeological study of waste, highlighting its significance in tackling poverty, fostering economic resilience and promoting environmental sustainability. It begins by reflecting on the vast waste of resources and energy fueled by hypercapitalism, setting the stage for a broader exploration of how waste, particularly in low-income neighborhoods, not only signifies environmental neglect but also mirrors deep systemic socioeconomic issues. The chapter traces the evolution of garbology, from its origins in the Garbage Project to its current role as both a tool for social activism and an archaeological method. Through New Garbology, waste analysis becomes a means of understanding consumption patterns and encouraging sustainable behaviors, especially among economically vulnerable communities. The author and her colleagues advocate for micro-methods in archaeological research, emphasizing direct engagement with communities to optimize consumption practices and waste management. In this framework, New Garbology emerges as a powerful tool for marginalized populations, enabling them to build resilience and imagine a more equitable future. The chapter calls on both archaeologists and ordinary individuals to challenge traditional hierarchies and actively contribute to meaningful environmental and social change.