Peripheral nerve surgery offers a broad and effective array of techniques to restore motor and sensory function following nerve injury, based on the regenerative potential of axons. Unlike central nervous system injuries such as spinal cord lesions, peripheral nerve injuries—particularly postganglionic lesions—can benefit from spontaneous regeneration or postsurgical recovery. This chapter outlines essential surgical strategies, ranging from decompression and neurolysis to neurorrhaphy and nerve grafting, with an emphasis on anatomical precision and functional recovery.