This chapter acts as an atlas, providing a detailed geographical overview of Italian small islands. It opens with a general discussion of Mediterranean insularity, which is often considered ‘continental’ due to its dependence on the mainland. It then introduces the centre-periphery paradigm as a useful interpretative tool. The chapter goes on to examine common characteristics of these territories: such as the management of drinkable water, the depopulation trends and the impact of ‘littoralization’. The core of the chapter provides comprehensive descriptions, and cartographies, of seven archipelagos: the Tuscan Archipelago, the Pontine Islands, the Campanian Islands, the Aeolian Archipelago, Ustica, the Aegadian Islands, and the Pelagian Islands. The chapter presents the specific geomorphological, historical, demographic, and economic features of each archipelago, emphasizing the predominant role of summer tourism and the decline of traditional activities such as small-scale fishing and agriculture. This short ‘atlas’ establishes a pivotal baseline upon which subsequent theoretical analysis and policy readings in the following chapters are developed, providing readers with a comprehensive and contextualized overview of the geographical features shaping Italian small islands.