Breast cancer remains one of the most significant health concerns worldwide, with high mortality rates among women. Despite the widespread use of chemotherapy for treatment, several limitations hinder its effectiveness, including multidrug resistance and severe off-target toxicity. Nanotechnology is a promising approach to address these challenges through enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Among the various nanoscale drug delivery systems, nanoliposomes also have shown remarkable potential due to their ability to efficiently encapsulate and deliver anticancer agents. Polysaccharide modifications have been explored to further enhance nanoliposomes’ performance, with chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) being among the most studied materials. These modifications improve biocompatibility, prolong circulation time, and facilitate targeted drug delivery to tumor cells. This chapter delves into the preclinical therapeutic applications of polysaccharide-coated nanoliposomes for breast cancer therapy, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate therapeutic outcomes of HA- and chitosan-coated nanoliposomes loaded with anticancer drugs, highlighting their preclinical efficacy in breast cancer models.