The downside of oil and gas production espouses strong causal links with climate change. Nonetheless, many African countries have prioritised foreign direct investment in oil exploitation in conjunction with Chinese National Oil Companies (Chinese NOCs) without much concern for greenhouse gas emissions and the associated climate harm. As part of China’s development assistance to Africa, Chinese NOCs have undertaken massive oil production in Nigeria and other African petrostates though little is known about Chinese NOCs’ adherence to good environmental practices or climate action. This chapter contextualises the Sino-African oil relations within the United Nations business and human rights framework to argue that Chinese NOCs in Nigeria, and indeed Africa, must engage in climate action as envisaged by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Protocols and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The chapter undertakes a review of scholarly literature, the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, and the UN business-human rights framework on the imperative for climate action by multinational oil corporations (MNOCs). Using Sino-Addax Petroleum as a case study, it appraises Nigeria’s international climate action obligations and the extent of Chinese NOCs’ compliance with climate action compliance. The chapter concludes that Chinese NOCs must commit to climate action in their oil and gas investments to promote sustainable development in Nigeria.