The concept of governance of natural resources in Africa has always been examined in the context of what addition it brings to national income. However, the cost of the extraction of natural resources to the environment and the indigenous people is not considered adequately. Therefore, the chapter examines Endorois Case on how the development of citizens and a nation in general can be attained based on equality and non-discrimination, and how foreign and national business activities can co-exist with mutual benefits. The chapter finds that in most states in Africa, political leadership has not shown enough political will to industrialise and to realise self-reliant economies. It observes that rather than industrialize, most post-colonial states in Africa subscribe to foreign direct investment where multinational companies engage in the extraction and exportation of unrefined minerals outside the host nations. Multinational companies opting for profit maximisation adopt cheap processes, though wrecking greater havoc on the environment and to farmlands of indigenous people. The chapter, therefore, argues that investor states do not treat host nations as equals, just as activities of multinational corporations are discriminatory to the indigenous peoples. It submits that the states in Africa should promote the invention of indigenous technology and groom indigenes with skills to manage natural resources. The chapter adopts the doctrinal method of investigation as it concludes that it is only in a self-reliant economy that control of natural resources can give its best to national income, satisfactory environment, and participation, devoid of discrimination