Neuraltherapeutic medicine (NTM) is identified as a medical system, constituting an alternative approach to the health-disease process. Knowledge of its theoretical, morphological, and dynamic foundations, identifying the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives, allows us to propose integrative categories to promote the quality of life and well-being of the population. The patient as a subject who suffers from this approach an option to be recognized as the protagonist of his self-organization. This chapter addresses the main foundations of NTM, which have sufficient support to be called a complex medical system.