Despite being a long-term party to soil-relevant international conventions—including the UN Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) —Australia has been slow at the national level in responding to the soil dimensions of its international law obligations. Nonetheless, three recent initiatives in Australian soil governance—the National Soil Strategy (2021), National Soil Action Plan (2023), and National Soil Monitoring Program (2023) — promise to progress soil conservation with a national focus and national co-ordination. This chapter explores these initiatives, with a particular focus on their engagement with rural landholders—farmers and Indigenous land managers—who are collectively the largest private managers of Australian soils by area. The exploration of the recent initiatives starts with an overview of the history of soil governance in Australia to situate these initiatives in context. Historically, soil governance in Australia has been characterised by a reluctance to impose legal duties on landholders in regard to soil protection, instead favouring education, persuasion, incentives, voluntary action, and deference to strongly entrenched private property rights. The recent initiatives do not represent a radical departure from these modes, though the national co-ordination is welcomed. Implementation challenges include on-going resourcing, establishment of a monitoring regime, and delivery of relevant soil information to land managers to enable evidence-based responses in land management practice.