This chapter explores the dynamic processes of globalization and internationalization, emphasizing their crucial roles in shaping contemporary economies. It provides a comprehensive overview of globalization, including the key drivers, such as technological advancements and international trade agreements that facilitate the integration of markets and economies. The chapter delves into various dimensions of internationalization, highlighting the strategies businesses use to expand across borders and the impact of global economic policies. Additionally, it examines the interconnectedness of regional economic integrations and the influence of international institutions on global trade. By analyzing these factors, the chapter aims to offer readers a clear understanding of how globalization and internationalization influence economic development, market structures, and policy frameworks. It serves as a foundation for studying the broader implications of these processes on global value chains and economic interactions.