This chapter discusses syncope, a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow, categorizing it by underlying mechanisms: neurally mediated, cardiovascular/arrhythmogenic, and orthostatic syncope. Neurally mediated syncope, common in young individuals, often follows a vagal reflex causing vasodilation or bradycardia, while cardiovascular syncope, more serious and linked to cardiac events, can occur suddenly and without prodromal symptoms. Orthostatic syncope, prevalent among older adults, is triggered by postural changes and involves a significant drop in blood pressure. The chapter emphasizes the importance of a detailed history and examination, including EKGs, and advises against routine use of CT/MRI scans unless neurological deficits are present. Various treatment strategies are outlined based on syncope type, such as avoiding triggers for neurally mediated syncope or using medications like midodrine and fludrocortisone for orthostatic syncope.