Total Lip Reconstruction: Gilles, Bernard-von Burow, and Karapandzic Flaps
摘要
The lip is a common site of oncologic resection, both from oral cavity and cutaneous primary malignancies. There are obvious and profound functional and cosmetic roles that the lips play; reconstructive considerations after oncologic ablation strive to preserve such roles. The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for oral competence and is essential for oral intake. Reconstruction of larger lip defects should focus on maintaining such competence while minimizing aesthetic morbidity. Our focus is on subtotal and total lip reconstruction using three common locoregional flaps: the Gilles flap, the Bernard von-Burow flap, and the Karapandzic flap. The Gilles flap has been used for larger defects of the lower lip, while the Bernard-von Burow and Karapandzic flaps have utility in upper or lower lip defects. The Gilles flap is infrequently used today, however, due to denervation related to flap harvest. The latter two flaps discussed generally offer excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes, while specific technical points in flap harvest avoid denervation morbidity.