In 1985 a new department, Glavkosmos, was established within the renowned MOM. Its creation marked the beginning of a new era in Soviet cosmonautics—one defined by the transition of the space sector towards market-oriented relations. Determined that cosmonautics should contribute financially to the national budget, the Soviet leadership established a dedicated body to oversee this objective. This chapter focuses on a key question: who was responsible for introducing elements of capitalism into the command socialist economy of the space industry, what methods they used, and what consequences this bold experiment had.