The chapter presents a systematic and thematically organised review of the international scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025, to offer an updated framework on the relationship between ESG criteria and corporate finance. The review is divided into five main areas: ESG and financial performance, ESG and credit rating, ESG and cost of capital, ESG and firm value, and ESG and capital structure. Each section summarises the main empirical results and the methodological approaches adopted, highlighting the convergences and divergences in the recent literature. The chapter focuses in particular on the mechanisms through which the adoption of ESG practices can influence financial valuations, investors’ perceived risk, and the conditions of access to capital. The role of ESG metrics in reducing information asymmetries and in building a sustainable competitive advantage is also discussed. The review allows for the identification of the main evidence supporting the integration of ESG into corporate finance models, offering the reader a solid reference for the critical interpretation of data and corporate practices. The chapter thus serves as a bridge between theory and practice, useful for guiding future research and supporting strategic decisions in the financial field.