Greek Catholic peasants in the ethnic borderlands of dualist Hungary stood at the centre of conflicts over language, confession, and national belonging during the creation of the Hungarian Diocese of Hajdúdorog (1912–1914). This chapter traces how peasants of Moftinul Mic/Kismaytény, formally Greek Catholic “Hungarians” in official statistics, came to define themselves politically as Romanians in the context of church reform and Magyarization. Using a micro-historical analysis of the Sătmar trial of 1914, it explores how disputes over liturgy, schooling, and ecclesiastical jurisdiction became key arenas for articulating resistance where open secular protest was constrained. The chapter examines the role of priests, peasant agitators, and transnational Romanian support networks, as well as the contrasting representations of the conflict in Hungarian, Romanian, and international press. It argues that Hungarian elites systematically denied peasant agency, casting villagers as mere tools of external leaders, while peasant actors themselves advanced economic, cultural, and political arguments. The protests, the assassination of the episcopal vicar, and the trial in Sătmar together deepened ethnic bifurcation within the countryside. In seeking to enforce Hungarian national unity through aggressive Magyarization, the authorities inadvertently accelerated the political separation of Romanian peasants and helped lay the foundations for Transylvania’s later integration into Greater Romania.