This chapter traces the transformation of eldercare in China from a family-based moral responsibility to a commodified service embedded in a mixed welfare regime. Drawing on a political economy perspective, it examines the structural shift from pre-1978 collectivist provision, in which work units and families jointly sustained eldercare, to the post-reform era marked by marketisation, fiscal decentralisation, and welfare pluralism. The retreat of the socialist state catalysed new roles for NGOs, private enterprises, and families, producing a fragmented landscape of provision stratified by region, class, and hukou status. Empirical material from the Yangtze River Delta reveals how local policy experimentation and subsidy disparities shape uneven access to care. In parallel, the chapter unpacks four major themes in contemporary policy—healthy ageing, family responsibility, shared responsibilities with civil society and the private sector, and smart eldercare promotion—highlighting the ways in which eldercare has become both a policy priority and a site of socio-economic inequality. The chapter concludes by situating these dynamics within broader questions of care commodification, social risk redistribution, and the spatial politics of welfare restructuring.