A key pillar of sustainable development is water security as it has socio-economic and environmental impacts. This chapter presents the fundamental role of data science and public policy in ensuring equitable access to water with an emphasis on the connection to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). A multidisciplinary view highlights how technological advances, including big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), are transforming water governance. UNESCO (2022) IHP-IX: strategic plan of the intergovernmental hydrological programme: science for a water secure world in a changing environment, ninth phase 2022-2029 is seen as a strategic framework for scientific collaboration and policy development to address global water challenges. To mitigate climate-related risks such as floods, droughts and water pollution, the integration of predictive models driven by AI, remote sensing and digital water management systems is crucial. In addition, the chapter stresses the importance of addressing data gaps, fostering international cooperation and strengthening science-based water governance. Data transparency, open-access platforms and digital monitoring tools have been found to improve decision-making processes, contributing to sustainable water security. By harnessing new technologies and interdisciplinary research, policymakers can develop resilient strategies to address the growing complexities of integrated water resources management.