Cellulose-based hydrogels (CBHs) have emerged as promising biomaterials in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical tunability, and abundance as a sustainable resource. They serve as excellent scaffolds for supporting cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition across a wide range of biomedical applications. This chapter reviews recent advances in the development and applications of CBHs in bone, cartilage, myocardial tissue engineering, organoid culture, and other regenerative therapies. Through various formulations, such as the incorporation of nanocellulose, surface functionalization with bioactive motifs, and integration with conductive or mineralized components, CBHs demonstrate enhanced printability, mechanical properties, and biological performance. While in vitro and preclinical studies have shown promising results, challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, clinical scalability, and functional integration remain. Continued research is required to validate their performance in vivo and to advance these systems toward clinical translation. Overall, CBHs offer a versatile and cost-effective platform for next-generation tissue engineering strategies.