Modelling of Future Shipping Emissions in Europe
摘要
The aim of this study is to revise the scenario tools of an established Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) and to use the updated model to produce shipping emission inventories for Europe in 2030, 2040 and 2050. Scenarios cover different regulatory options, such as new ECAs and compliance rates, as well as the impact of different energy sources, such as methane, methanol and ammonia, and abatement systems, such as SCRs and scrubbers. Future projections are based on scaling of shipping activity in Automatic Identification System (AIS) data from the years 2015 and 2018. Results of the future emission simulations show that implementing a European NECA in 2030 could reduce NOx emission by almost 50% by 2040. However, any non-compliance or decreased efficiency of SCRs would undermine the benefits of the new NECA. Projections for 2050 show that emissions of particulate matter and sulphur oxides from shipping are likely to be reduced significantly regardless of the assumptions of shipping traffic growth. Results also suggest a need for controlling emissions of new pollutants, such as NH3, N2O and CH4, as the shipping sector is moving from traditional marine fuels to alternative fuels.