Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) aquaculture has played a significant role in Japan. Traditional knowledge of culturing Wakame has been enhanced by technological advancements, leading to its widespread cultivation and commercialization. However, recent environmental changes, such as rising seawater temperatures and declining nutrient levels, have significantly impacted production, creating a demand for new approaches to sustain the industry. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the history of Wakame aquaculture, its current challenges, and future prospects in Japan. It highlights key innovations in sporeling production, cultivation methods, and processing technologies that have improved efficiency and product quality. Also examined is the growing interest in the potential of Wakame for a role in creating blue carbon: short-term carbon sequestration. To address declining yields and labor shortages, various new strategies are being explored, such as artificial sporeling production using free-living gametophytes, optimization of cultivation conditions, and the adoption of intensive aquaculture models. These individual-scale activities in Japan could be adapted in other countries and areas where there is interest in Wakame and other macroalgal aquaculture. By combining traditional aquaculture practices with scientific innovation, Wakame cultivation can continue to support food security, economic sustainability, and climate change mitigation. This review emphasizes the importance of leveraging historical insights to develop future-focused solutions that enhance both productivity and environmental resilience in the Wakame industry.