Business Process Optimization (BPO) concerns making optimal operational decisions during process redesign or process execution, including decisions on which resource to assign to which task, how many resources to schedule at which point in time, and when to plan the processing of which case. These decisions must balance objectives like cost, time, and customer satisfaction while respecting constraints like availability, deadlines, and budgets often under uncertainty and across cases that are running at the same time. Effectively navigating these complexities requires an overview of the decision-making problems that exist in business processes as well as the techniques that exist to solve those problems. Against that background, this tutorial introduces key BPO problem types and solution approaches, illustrating specific problem–solution pairs that were explored in the literature. While not exhaustive, the classification aims to provide a structured overview and spark future research in this emerging area.