The white mindset that introduced chattel slavery into the “new” world was also unleashed on the earth. The rampant disregard for the sacred dignity and well-being of some groups of human beings went hand in hand with the exploitation of the earth, the trees, forests, other-than-human creatures, and soil. Through a focus on the deforestation of the Mississippi Delta, this chapter focuses on the twin exploitations of Black workers and the natural environment after the Civil War. While the Delta is a single distinctive region, many of the settler-colonials’ ways of thinking about the land and the people they deemed inferior played out across other bioregions as well. The Mississippi Delta, the floodplain between the Yazoo and Mississippi Rivers, can be seen as one among thousands of places that were sacrificed to individualistically oriented profit-making, as capitalist markets satisfied needs and desires of people far away by extracting and exporting precious resources. The needs of local people and the bioregion itself were low priorities for those with capital who desired rapid increases in their wealth before moving on to exploit another region. Before this destruction, the Mississippi Delta was the largest uninterrupted stand of hardwood trees in the world.