This chapter delves into the issue of innovation control within R&D collaborations. It explores a range of management control mechanisms at the organizational, economic, and social levels, as well as control approaches to manage relational and transactional risks that R&D collaborations are likely to encounter. R&D collaborations have emerged as a strategic means to support firms’ R&D goals as they can no longer rely solely on their internal innovation capabilities. In this regard, Empirical insights drawn from a survey of EU firms (+200) engaged in collaborative R&D projects are presented and discussed.