Beginning with the work of Dostoevsky, which he considers extremely relevant to the philosophy of history, Nikolai Berdyaev develops a spiritualist view of history in his work. The Russian philosopher builds a philosophy of history that is centered on human nature, whose foundation is freedom, and ideologies are transformed into political or scientific religions (socialism, communism, positivism). According to Berdyaev, an authentic philosophy of history can only have Christian presuppositions because Christianity, through kenosis, assumes the historical dimension with the highest degree of universality. Therefore, the framework for Berdyaev’s undertaking to elaborate a philosophy of history is his reference to the legend of the Grand Inquisitor in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov. The Grand Inquisitor is a constant manifestation in the history of mankind, embodying the principle of fundamental metaphysical evil, which tends to abolish human freedom and thus oppose Christ, the principle of this freedom, through every form of absolutism, state deification, and self-deification of mankind.