Indigenous communities have practiced sustainable land management for centuries, integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) with conservation-based approaches. These traditional practices of agroforestry alongside water conservation strategies and biodiversity protection and wildlife management techniques lead to better soil fertility while protecting water resources and ecological stability. This chapter explores indigenous techniques such as shifting cultivation, sacred groves, traditional water harvesting, and community-led forest governance, alongside policy frameworks like the Forest Rights Act (2006) and Biodiversity Act (2002). Without modernization and land encroachment as well as insufficient policy enforcement, these sustainable practices face severe threats. The chapter explains current barriers that exist for traditional wisdom to combine with indigenous knowledge land management practices. This promotes combining GIS mapping together with remote sensing and participatory resource management under indigenous knowledge guidance. The necessary elements for maintaining sustainable land management and ecological resilience over the long term include stronger legal protections together with knowledge transfers between generations as well as partnerships between communities, researchers, and policymakers.