The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the important one for all the countries to take immediate actions for promoting prosperity on the planet. This chapter investigates the key aspects of SDG 15 in supporting the achievement of other SDGs and the broader 2030 Agenda. It examines policy pathways to enhance the implementation of SDG 15, highlighting its interconnectedness with global sustainability efforts. A case study is included to illustrate how insufficient progress on SDG 15 targets can increase the risk of future zoonotic diseases. The chapter also addresses the impact of resource extraction and rapid urbanization, which contribute to air and soil pollution, harming ecosystems and human health. These challenges are compounded by rising inequalities, as the most vulnerable communities, heavily reliant on natural resources, are disproportionately affected by environmental changes. Biodiversity and healthy ecosystems form the foundation of sustainable development, and the degradation or loss of these ecosystems significantly heightens the likelihood of emerging diseases by disrupting wildlife habitats.