Biodiversity, surrounding the diversity of ecosystems, species, and genetic variation, is essential to the health of the planet and the well-being of all living organisms. It supports critical ecology services such as air and water purification, pollination, climate regulation, and food security, which are vital for human survival. In spite of its importance, biodiversity is facing extraordinary declines globally, motivated by various factors like habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, unsustainability of natural resources, etc. Due to this imbalance, it threatens the functioning of the ecosystem based on which human life is. In this chapter, we will discuss the various factors that cause biodiversity loss including natural and human causes. The various consequences faced by the ecosystem along with the global challenges like health, climate change, food security, etc. will be analysed. It also explores various strategies that can be implemented for conservation and restoration of biodiversity like establishing a protected area, restoration of various habitats and species with the help of recovery programs, building ecological corridors, etc. Various innovative solutions will help to promote sustainability in various fields like agriculture, forestry, and construction and also help in the developing bio-friendly products. This chapter explores the various factors that contribute to biodiversity loss, looking at both anthropogenic and natural loads. The extensive effects on ecosystems, economies, and human cultures are analysed, with a focus on how biodiversity is linked to global issues like food security, health, and climate change. The chapter also examines a variety of methods for conserving and restoring biodiversity, such as the creation of ecological corridors, endangered areas, habitat renovation, and species regaining initiatives. More creative alternatives, such as encouraging sustainable forestry and agriculture methods, creating infrastructure that supports biodiversity, and incorporating conservation into economic policy, supplement traditional conservation strategies. The chapter also addresses the crucial role that international agreements and policy frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on Biological Diversity play a vital role in fostering international collaboration and dedication to biodiversity protection. Recognizing that the complexity of biodiversity loss necessitates coordinated activities across several levels and sectors, it emphasizes the necessity for cross-sectoral collaboration among governments, corporations, civil society, and indigenous groups. The chapter also highlights the value of community-based conservation, which gives local people the ability to actively manage and safeguard their natural resources, frequently producing conservation results that are more sustainable and culturally relevant.