The chapter addresses a critical challenge faced by all distributed cyber-physical systems: enhancing production efficiency. This challenge is examined through the perspective of resource transportation tasks within distributed systems, where the technical condition of individual nodes and the overall system significantly impact the quality of the resource transportation process. The chapter introduces a novel method for developing a multi-component health index (CPS-HI) applied for distributed cyber-physical systems. This health index captures the heterogeneity, spatiotemporal dynamics, and interdependencies inherent in such systems across four key dimensions: physical (equipment condition and efficiency), cyber (data integrity and network stability), safety (resilience to cyberattacks and software integrity), and operational (availability and adaptability). The proposed CPS-HI is validated against resource transportation efficiency objectives. Utilizing this health index enables effective maintenance of distributed cyber-physical systems by minimizing losses through topology-aware prognosis and predictive health management.