This chapter traces the origins of the global health movement, with a specific focus on India. The public health movement in England, led by Edwin Chadwick, had emerged in the mid-nineteenth century. After World War II (1939–1945), the process of decolonization was started in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These independent developing countries focused primary health care for their people and took various initiatives for the development of such systems. In colonial India, the sanitary movement didn’t develop as it had in England. In order to develop health awareness, the voluntary initiative was evident in the first half of the twentieth century in colonial Bengal. After the Alma-Ata declaration of 1978, however, the people’s health movement was not limited to the spreading of health awareness; the goal expanded. The movement started to demand health as a ‘right of the people.’ This chapter highlights how the concept of right to health was born and spread. This chapter also explains social medicine and its evolution. The Cold War had ended with the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991. Following that, the word ‘globalization’ became increasingly important. How did globalization and the spread of the liberal economy affect the health movement? The study addresses the unanswered question.