Reflecting on the historical experiences of artisanal fishing communities in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, this chapter outlines productive theoretical foundations for the intersection between environmental psychology, community psychology, and anthropology, presenting insights derived from research on the socioenvironmental impacts of renewable energy projects and infrastructures that have historically affected these communities. These impacts motivate new forms of political articulation by those affected, often modifying communities’ stances in their relationships with themselves, their territories, and external allies such as civil society organizations. This work addresses a notion of community resilience that is dynamically consolidated through a process of community strengthening, as these communities make their territoriality the central feature of their collective organization, emphasizing their processes of resistance amid disputes for land security and the use of their environmental resources. The current state of environmental psychology in Latin America is presented, highlighting the need to conceptually and theoretically articulate it with the specificities of traditional groups, such as fishing communities, aiming to contribute to a research agenda more aligned with local and regional demands.