In modern times, people and societies are faced with a variety of challenges at multiple levels. It is therefore obvious that the role of education is of major importance in order to create the means for the well-being and prosperity of citizens at both individual and collective levels. In this direction, the digital transformation of education can make an effective contribution. In Greece, part of this digital transformation is being pursued through the Innovation Centers in the 13 regions of the country. More specifically, these are physical structures equipped with cutting-edge educational technology accompanied by a corresponding pedagogical-educational methodology. The Innovation Centers aim to enhance and develop 21st century skills for students. This paper presents the principles and pillars for the development of Innovation Centers. As a case study, the educational approach to climate change (as a dimension of education for sustainability meeting the respective United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) is developed through artificial intelligence using the pedagogical-educational framework of socio-scientific issues.