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Mexico’s oil is primarily extracted from offshore fields in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (SWGoM), which generates significant economic revenue for the country but also poses an inherent risk of spills. To understand the spatial patterns of oil presence at the surface of the SWGoM between 2018 and 2021. Satellite images from the Sentinel-1 sensor (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) were processed and analyzed using geometric corrections and the detection of backscatter anomalies indicative of oil presence. Three hundred thirty-six satellite images were processed, and surface hydrocarbons were observed in 208 images (61%). Of these, the majority of oil detections come from natural seeps (35%), followed by anthropogenic oil spills (12.5%), combined-origin spills (12.5%), and undetermined events (10%). The area with the highest incidence of events is around the platform zone. This industry-dominated zone is located approximately 85 km north of Atasta, Campeche, and covers an area of approximately 200 km2. Another significant area of high recurrence is located near Cayo Arcas, an ecologically sensitive coral reef cay. The analysis emphasizes the significance of remote sensing for monitoring and impact assessment related to oil spills, particularly in highly biodiverse regions like the SWGoM.

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Detection and Classification of Surface Oil in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • J. B. Cruz-Pech,
  • A. Uribe-Martínez,
  • A. Espinoza-Tenorio,
  • E. Cuevas

摘要

Mexico’s oil is primarily extracted from offshore fields in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (SWGoM), which generates significant economic revenue for the country but also poses an inherent risk of spills. To understand the spatial patterns of oil presence at the surface of the SWGoM between 2018 and 2021. Satellite images from the Sentinel-1 sensor (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) were processed and analyzed using geometric corrections and the detection of backscatter anomalies indicative of oil presence. Three hundred thirty-six satellite images were processed, and surface hydrocarbons were observed in 208 images (61%). Of these, the majority of oil detections come from natural seeps (35%), followed by anthropogenic oil spills (12.5%), combined-origin spills (12.5%), and undetermined events (10%). The area with the highest incidence of events is around the platform zone. This industry-dominated zone is located approximately 85 km north of Atasta, Campeche, and covers an area of approximately 200 km2. Another significant area of high recurrence is located near Cayo Arcas, an ecologically sensitive coral reef cay. The analysis emphasizes the significance of remote sensing for monitoring and impact assessment related to oil spills, particularly in highly biodiverse regions like the SWGoM.