This paper proposes a three-level prevention strategy for Chinese university students by combining the Chinese perspective of social work with the theory of three levels of prevention to address university students’ mental health problems. The first level of prevention involves integrating the psychological significance of the traditional Chinese capping ceremony into the opening ceremony, midterm ceremony, and graduation ceremony. The second level of prevention focuses on creating a school environment similar to a transitional space and defining the roles of teachers, counselors, school social workers, and other transitional objects. The third level of prevention emphasizes combining professional social work methods with the rites of passage to better understand and assist Chinese university students facing mental health problems. Such a three-level prevention system could not only be helpful for social workers in addressing Chinese college students’ mental health problems but also provide inspiration for social workers elsewhere to incorporate local perspectives and professional social work methods, thereby building their own culturally appropriate prevention systems for addressing mental health problems among college students.