Public opinion polls indicated that the American people substantially favor approval of the treaty. With the legislative calendar coming to an end, the treaty was one of many issues that needed resolution before the end of the year. Obama moved to settle these issues so the Senate can act on the treaty. The administration made its final push to convince a sufficient number of Republican senators to approve the treaty using personal appeals and offering trade-offs to achieve its goal. After intense debate on the resolution, the Senate approved the resolution of ratification on December 22 by a vote of 71 to 26. Russia’s legislature voted to approve the treaty in late January 2011. On February 5, 2011, the treaty went into force when the two parties exchanged the instruments of ratification at a ceremony in Germany at the 2011 Munich Security Conference.