This paper presents a comparative review of studies focused on the influence of force factors on the drilling process of composite materials, including polymer composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and glass fiber reinforced plastics. Mathematical models from various authors, describing the dependence of axial cutting force and torque on cutting speed, feed rate, cutting tool geometry, and material properties, are examined. Special attention is given to experimental investigations using dynamometers, as well as the application of CAE systems (ANSYS, ABAQUS, LS-DYNA, DeFORM, etc.) for cutting process simulation. The main approaches to analyzing the impact of force factors on the drilling process are identified. The development and implementation of a novel mathematical model for determining the axial cutting force during the drilling of fiberglass laminate is described. The convergence of the model’s results with actual values obtained through practical testing has been established. Using the developed model, drilling operations with various drills and composite materials under different operating conditions have been simulated. Rational operating conditions for the simulated scenarios are determined.