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Discourse relations represent a relatively ambiguous area of language that can be a challenge for computational and corpus linguistics. In our study, we examine the reliability of the Prague Dependency Treebank – Consolidated 2.0 by employing multiple annotations that can reveal possible different readings. It turns out that the complexity of sentence structure has a very significant influence on the distinction of the left discourse argument; in contrast, neither the mode of the text (written vs. spoken) nor the presence of attributive constructions appears to influence the variability in the interpretation of discourse structure. Furthermore, we identify the technical organization of the annotation process itself as a potential source of bias in discourse annotation.

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Gold Data and Multiple Understanding of Discourse Relations

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Šárka Zikánová,
  • Anna Nedoluzhko,
  • Jiří Mírovský,
  • Eva Hajičová

摘要

Discourse relations represent a relatively ambiguous area of language that can be a challenge for computational and corpus linguistics. In our study, we examine the reliability of the Prague Dependency Treebank – Consolidated 2.0 by employing multiple annotations that can reveal possible different readings. It turns out that the complexity of sentence structure has a very significant influence on the distinction of the left discourse argument; in contrast, neither the mode of the text (written vs. spoken) nor the presence of attributive constructions appears to influence the variability in the interpretation of discourse structure. Furthermore, we identify the technical organization of the annotation process itself as a potential source of bias in discourse annotation.