The Yellow River basin, especially the Loess Plateau region, is highly prone to droughts. This chapter will first describe the drought indexes used in the region, followed by a discussion on the causes and impacts of droughts. Additionally, strategies for sustainable agriculture, including land use adaptations and specific techniques to mitigate the effects of droughts, will be examined. Lastly, the factors contributing to salinization in the basin and potential strategies for addressing them will be explored.