In Christian anthropology, human uniqueness is articulated through the concept of the imago Dei, or the image of God in humanity (Jeeves, 2005). Classical theology delineates this uniqueness by introducing the distinctions between vestigium, similitude and imago, associating it primarily with the intellectual nature and the soul, while also incorporating functional and relational dimensions. The advent of neuroscience compels a reevaluation of the theological implications of matter and the corporeal substratum of God’s image. Neuroscientific findings concerning intelligence—its relation to brain function and methods of enhancement—provide a contextual framework for theological reflections on human intellectual activity and facilitate an integrative approach to human nature. This article will first assess naturalistic explanations of human intelligence in light of various interpretations of the divine image and contemporary neuroscientific research. It will then explore the historical association of intellect with the divine and examine the Thomistic perspective on human intellectual nature as a pathway to God. Finally, the article will address the dynamic aspect of understanding the imago Dei in relation to the transformation of the mind on the journey toward achieving visio Dei beatifica, which represents the fulfillment of intellectual life.