How did transnational actors interact with social policy in Africa before and during the pandemic? How should they interact with social policy in Africa in the post-pandemic era? This chapter examines these broad questions from a perspective that recognises that transnational actors, just like other non-state actors, are significant policy players in African social policy as they deploy material and ideational mechanisms in their interaction with domestic players. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the regular ways of doing things and impacted the relationship between transnational actors and African countries. How were transnational actors involved in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa? What should be the roles of transnational actors in a post-COVID Africa? Will it be just business as usual again? The chapter addresses these specific questions through the lens of institutional theory. We argue that the pandemic and related changes affecting multinational and bilateral organizations point to the need for institutional reform.