Women in Guyana are affected by the same structural constraints affecting the rest of society. This is further compounded by issues that are specific to them including social norms around gender and the role of women in society. This chapter surveys the range of issues affecting women and girls. It undertakes a socio-historical analysis that evaluates the trajectory of women from the post-independence era using an intersectionality perspective. Further, it interrogates more extensively the contemporary issues affecting women such as sexual and reproductive health; the place of women in political leadership and economic opportunities available to women. The research utilizes secondary data to evaluate the situation of women and girls and discusses relevant policy interventions. The chapter particularly juxtaposes the progression of women in education, leadership and other areas alongside the persistent and perennial challenges that women continue to face such as domestic violence, limited access to high quality reproductive healthcare, high rates of maternal mortality, poverty, and teenage pregnancy. The chapter considers the legislative and regulatory advancements that have been made and evaluates the extent of implementation challenges, and the resultant impact on meaningful changes to the welfare of Guyanese women and girls. Further, it evaluates the prospects of tackling implementation challenges, in the light of increased economic wealth consequent to a new oil and gas sector, which may result in more significant welfare improvements for women and girls.