This chapter examines the contradictions between the emerging scientific paradigms of the seventeenth century and the prevailing bourgeois worldview, particularly in the philosophical discourse surrounding natural science. The chapter begins by highlighting the profound influence of classical physics, as shaped by figures like Galileo, Huygens, and Newton, on the intellectual landscape of the period. It articulates the struggles of philosophers such as Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Locke as they grappled with the implications of mechanistic explanations for both nature and human society. The conversation emphasizes the dualism between matter and force that emerged from the limitations of “kinematic” mechanics, leading to a reliance on external principles to explain interactions. The chapter critiques the deterministic interpretations of the cosmos that resulted from these developments, as philosophers attempted to reconcile the new science with their ideological positions. Ultimately, it reveals how the inability to fully embrace the practical implications of classical physics led to philosophical dead ends, posing significant challenges for the bourgeois ideology that sought to ground itself in a non-speculative understanding of reality.