The beginning of the twenty-first century marked the onset of a new cycle in Latin American politics, characterized by the strengthening of South-South relations. This shift was driven by the dynamic and rapid expansion of political and commercial exchanges among developing countries. The growing presence of the People's Republic of China played a pivotal role in reshaping the relationships between Latin American countries and their traditional trading partners. It also reinvigorated, to varying degrees and intensities, the projection of more assertive and, in some cases, counter-hegemonic foreign policies.