Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence
摘要
Since ChatGPT, the question of the consciousness of artificial intelligence has been around like the famous pink elephant. Philosophy, medicine, psychology, theology, biology, and other disciplines are imperative to rethink intelligence and consciousness. What is certain is that consciousness does not have to be intelligent, and intelligence does not have to be connected to consciousness. They are different qualities. But which ones? Careless statements by some AI pioneers stoked fears of AI's destructive powers and fueled fantasies of a possible takeover by AI. Justified or unfounded? The question has not been decided. And the fears are real. The article deals with different ways of approaching the phenomena of consciousness and intelligence. Philosophers ask about the “being” in consciousness. This is the ontological view. Or they divide into subjects and objects. Subjects perceive, develop will, and express interests. Objects are the phenomena absorbed by subjects in consciousness. Theologians ask about the divine origins of consciousness. Thus, we find in the Bible the image of the tree of knowledge. Awareness and knowledge come from the outside. Medicine asks about the localization of consciousness and about the material carriers of consciousness in the human brain or in the intelligent biological structures that evolution generated on earth. Psychology asks about the qualities of consciousness: thinking, learning, forgetting, remembering. The qualities show intelligence, which has a special consciousness, but are not to be equated with it. With artificial intelligence, people try to map neurological processes, simulate intelligent qualities of organisms, and generate language in a meaningful way. Much has been achieved. But not the decisive step.