Handheld Echocardiography
摘要
Pocket-size imaging devices, due to their size and weight can be carried around by the physicians and used for bedside monitoring of patients’ status and screening for major abnormalities, even if they offer only basic image acquisition and analysis possibilities. The potential clinical implementation of pocket size imaging device (PSID) include the evaluation of the left and right ventricle, pericardial effusion assessment, valve disease assessment, estimation of the right atrial pressure based on size and respiratory changes of inferior vena cava, establishing the diagnosis of ascending aortic dilatation, diagnosing pleural effusion and the presence of B-lines. The availability of a hybrid cardiac/linear probes can expand the diagnostic capabilities by, e.g., assessment of local complications resulting from the punctures preceding the invasive percutaneous procedures or detecting deep vein thrombosis. TTE can be performed with different protocols categorized as (1). Ultrasound assisted physical examination (UAPE), (2). Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound (cardiac POCUS), (3). critical care echocar- diography (CCE), and (4). Standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE–including limited transthoracic echocardiography and comprehensive echocardiography). The simplicity of PSID operation allows for their use in the extension of physical examination. The agreement between the results of the PSID examination and the test performed by means of the stationary echocardiographs is high. However, the basic training requirements are consistent with the basic level of echocardiographic examination.